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Albert Einstein Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton Albert Einstein receives special recognition for his contribution to the spirit of invention: the theoretical work which has laid the foundation for many of the inventions of the twentieth century. Among his theories and discoveries: the theory of relativity, law of photoelectric effect, gas theory, derivation of Planck's radiation law, law of photochemical reactions, theory of related heats. His exploration of the principles of the process of stimulated emission of radiation led to the development of the first laser. Einstein also held patents for a noiseless household refrigerator, hearing aid, and camera.