---

Selman Waksman Rutgers University, New Brunswick Selman Waksman investigated soil microbiology and the medicinal properties of soil organisms, leading to his discovery of streptomycin, actinomycin, neomycin and candicidin. The streptomycin discovery was especially important because the antibiotic attacks bacteria against which penicillin and previous antibiotics were ineffective. He received the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.